ansible的playbook配置及jinja2渲染template模板
2018-10-15 23:11:04 浏览：9136 作者：管理员
一、Jinja2介绍
Jinja2是基于python的模板引擎，功能比较类似于PHP的smarty，J2ee的Freemarker和velocity。它能完全支持unicode，并具有集成的沙箱执行环境，应用广泛。jinja2使用BSD授权
Jinja2的语法是由variables(变量)和statement(语句)组成，如下；
1、variables：可以输出数据
` my_variables `
{{ some_dudes_name | capitalize }}
2、statements: 可以用来创建条件和循环等
if语句：
{% if my_conditional %}
...
{% endif %}
for 语句：
{% for item in all_items %}
`item`
……
{% endfor %}从上面第二个variables的例子中可以看出，jinja2支持使用带过滤器的Unix型管道操作符，有很多的内置过滤器可供使用。我们可以仅仅用一堆简单if和for就可以建立几乎任何的常规配置文件，不过如果你有意更进一步，jinja2 documentation （http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/dev/）包含了很多有趣的东西可供了解。我们可以看到ansible允许在模板中使用诸如绘制时间此类的一些额外的模板变量
第一个例子：引用变量
#cd roles/template/ . ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ ├── template.yml │ └── main.yml ├── templates │ ├── order.j2 └── vars └── main.yml
总调度yml文件：
#cat templates.yml --- - hosts: 10.0.90.27 user: root gather_facts: false roles: - role: template
注意:这里 - role: template 和 - template 是一样的！
其他yml文件，如下：
#cat tasks/main.yml
- include: template.yml
#cat tasks/template.yml
- name: create {{ PROJECT }} directory
file: dest=/data/{{ PROJECT }} state=directory
- name: template transfor java dir
template: src=order.j2 dest=/data/{{ PROJECT }}/order.conf
#cat templates/order.j2
project: {{ PROJECT }}
switch: {{ SWITCH }}
dbport: {{ DBPORT }}
#cat vars/main.yml
PROJECT: "JAVA"
SWITCH: "ON"
DBPORT: "8080"
测试：
# ansible-playbook templates.yml --syntax-check
playbook: templates.yml
执行：
# ansible-playbook templates.yml
PLAY [10.0.90.27] **************************************************************
TASK [template : include] ***************************************************
included: /etc/ansible/roles/template/tasks/template.yml for 10.0.90.27
TASK [template : create JAVA directory] *************************************
changed: [10.0.90.27]
TASK [template : template transfor java dir] ********************************
changed: [10.0.90.27]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
10.0.90.27 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
到10.0.90.27查看结果
#cat /data/JAVA/order.conf
project: JAVA
switch: ON
dbport: 8080第二个例子：for 语句
为远程主机生成服务器列表，加入该列表从192.168.13.201 web01.test.com 到192.168.13.211 web11.test.com 结束，如果手动添加就很不科学了，这里需要使用jinja2语法的for循环通过模板批量生成对应的配置文件，如下：
ansible目录结构：
#cd /etc/ansible/roles/test_hosts . ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ ├── file1.yml │ └── main.yml ├── templates │ └── test1.j2 └── vars └── main.yml
各个目录下yml文件内容：
# cat tasks/file1.yml
- name: ansible jinja2 template for hosts config
template: src=test1.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.test
# cat tasks/main.yml
- include: file1.yml
# cat templates/test1.j2
{% for id in range(201,212) %}
192.168.13.{{ id }} web{{ "%03d" |format(id-200) }}.test.com
{% endfor %}解释：
{{ id }} 提取for循环中对应的变量id值
"%02d" 调用的是python内置的字符串格式化输出（%d格式化整数）因为是01,02这种格式，所以是保留2位，故用02
然后将结果通过管道符 “|” 传递给format 函数做二次处理。
执行结果：
#cat httpd.conf.test 192.168.13.201 web01.test.com 192.168.13.202 web02.test.com 192.168.13.203 web03.test.com 192.168.13.204 web04.test.com 192.168.13.205 web05.test.com 192.168.13.206 web06.test.com 192.168.13.207 web07.test.com 192.168.13.208 web08.test.com 192.168.13.209 web09.test.com 192.168.13.210 web10.test.com 192.168.13.211 web11.test.com
第三个例子：if语句
说明：如果定义端口号，就绑定定义的端口号，如果不定义端口号，就绑定默认端口号
ansible目录结果
#cd /etc/ansible/roles/mysql_cnf #tree . ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ └── main.yml ├── templates │ └── test3.j2 └── vars
主要的yml文件是templates目录下面的test3.j2
# cat templates/test3.j2
{% if PORT %}
bind_address=10.0.90.27:{{ PORT }}
{% else %}
bind_address=10.0.90.27:3306
{% endif %}playbook主文件
# cat jinj2_test.yml --- - hosts: 10.0.90.27 user: root gather_facts: false vars: PORT: 3136 tasks: - name: copy file to client template: src=/etc/ansible/roles/mysql_cnf/templates/test3.j2 dest=/root/my.cnf
执行：
# ansible-playbook jinj2_test.yml PLAY [10.0.90.27] ************************************************************** TASK [copy file to client] ***************************************************** changed: [10.0.90.27] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 10.0.90.27 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看
# cat my.cnf bind_address=10.0.90.27:3136
如果将vars变量去掉，执行结果：
# cat jinj2_test.yml --- - hosts: 10.0.90.27 user: root gather_facts: false vars: PORT: false tasks: - name: copy file to client template: src=/etc/ansible/roles/mysql_cnf/templates/test3.j2 dest=/root/my.cnf
查看：
# cat my.cnf bind_address=10.0.90.27:3306
3、Jinja default()设定
精通程序编码的朋友皆知，default()默认值的设定有助于程序的健壮性和简洁性。所幸Jinja也支持该功能，上面的例子中生成Mysql配置文件中的端口定义，如果指定则PORT=3136，否则PORT=3306，我们将该案例改造为使用default()试试
编辑/etc/ansible/roles/mysql_cnf/templates/test3.j2内容如下,这种方法更简介。
bind_address=10.0.90.27:{{ PORT | default(3306) }}二、ansible使用jiaja2生成apache多主机配置
1、创建目录，创建好之后如下：
#cd /etc/ansible/roles/apache_conf # tree ./ ./ ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ ├── file.yml │ └── main.yml ├── templates │ └── apache.config.j2 └── vars └── main.yml
4 directories, 5 files
2、创建tasks调度文件，如下：
#cat file.yml - name: ansible jinja2 template for apache config template: src=apache.config.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.template #cat main.yml - include: file.yml
3、创建apache的jinja2模板文件，如下：
#cat apache.config.j2
NameVirtualHost *:80
{% for vhost in apache_vhost %}
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName {{ vhost.servername }}
DocumentRoot {{ vhost.documentroot }}
{% if vhost.serveradmin is defined %}
ServerAdmin {{ vhost.serveradmin }}
{% endif %}
<Directory "{{ vhost.documentroot }}">
AllowOverride All
Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
{% endfor %}4、创建变量，如下：
#cat vars/main.yml
apache_vhost:
- {servername: "apache.test1.com", documentroot: "/data/test1/"}
- {servername: "apache.test2.com", documentroot: "/data/test2/"}5、创建总调度yml文件，如下：
#cat /etc/ansible/apache_test.yml
---
- hosts: 10.0.90.27
user: root
gather_facts: no
roles:
- { role: apache_conf }6、测试：
#ansible-playbook apache_test.yml --syntax-check playbook: apache_test.yml
7、执行测试
#ansible-playbook apache_test.yml PLAY [10.0.90.27] ************************************************************** TASK [apache_conf : include] *************************************************** included: /etc/ansible/roles/apache_conf/tasks/file.yml for 10.0.90.27 TASK [apache_conf : ansible jinja2 template for apache config] ***************** changed: [10.0.90.27] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 10.0.90.27 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
8、到客户端查看
#cat httpd.conf.template NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName apache.test1.com DocumentRoot /data/test1/ <Directory "/data/test1/"> AllowOverride All Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName apache.test2.com DocumentRoot /data/test2/ <Directory "/data/test2/"> AllowOverride All Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>
三、ansible使用jiaja2生成nginx一个模板多种不同配置
说明：为2台Nginx Proxy，1台Nginx Web通过一套模板生成对应的配置
1、ansible目录结构：
# cd roles/nginx_conf/ #tree . ├── files ├── meta │ └── main.yml ├── tasks │ ├── file.yml │ └── main.yml ├── templates │ └── nginx.conf.j2 └── vars └── main.yml
2、tasks目录下文件内容：
#cat tasks/file.yml - name: nginx.j2 template transfer example template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.template #cat tasks/main.yml - include: file.yml
3、nginx模板文件
#cat templates/nginx.conf.j2
{% if nginx_use_proxy %}
{% for proxy in nginx_proxies %}
upstream {{ proxy.name }}
#server 127.0.0.1:{{ proxy.port }};
server {{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address }}:{{ proxy.port }};
}
{% endfor %}
{% endif%}
server {
listen 80;
servername {{ nginx_server_name }};
access_log off;
error_log /etc/nginx/nginx_error.log;
rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name {{ nginx_server_name }};
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/{{ nginx_ssl_cert_name }};
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/{{ nginx_ssl_cert_key }};
root {{ nginx_web_root }};
index index.html index.html;
{% if nginx_use_auth %}
auth_basic "Restricted";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/{{ project_name }}.htpasswd;
{% endif %}
{% if nginx_use_proxy %}
{% for proxy in nginx_proxies %}
location {{ proxy.location }} {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto http;
proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass http://{{ proxy.name }};
break;
}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% if nginx_server_static %}
location / {
try_files $url $url/ =404;
}
{% endif %}
}4、ansible变量文件
cat vars/main.yml nginx_server_name: www.testnginx.com nginx_web_root: /data/html/ nginx_proxies: - name: suspicious location: / port: 1234 - name: suspicious-api location: /api port: 4567
ansible主playbook文件
#cat nginx_test.yml ##The first roles - name: Nginx Proxy Server's Config Dynamic Create hosts: "10.0.90.25:10.0.90.26" remote_user: root vars: nginx_use_proxy: true nginx_ssl_cert_name: ifa.crt nginx_ssl_cert_key: ifa.key nginx_use_auth: true project_name: suspicious nginx_server_static: true gather_facts: true roles: - role: nginx_conf ##The second roles - name: Nginx WebServer's Config Dynamic Create hosts: 10.0.90.27 remote_user: root vars: nginx_use_proxy: false nginx_ssl_cert_name: ifa.crt nginx_ssl_cert_key: ifa.crt nginx_use_auth: false project_name: suspicious nginx_server_static: false gather_facts: false roles: - role: nginx_conf
5、测试并执行：
#ansible-playbook nginx_test.yml --syntax-check playbook: nginx_test.yml
执行：
# ansible-playbook nginx_test.yml PLAY [Nginx Proxy Server's Config Dynamic Create] ****************************** TASK [setup] ******************************************************************* ok: [10.0.90.25] ok: [10.0.90.26] TASK [nginx_conf : include] **************************************************** included: /etc/ansible/roles/nginx_conf/tasks/file.yml for 10.0.90.25, 10.0.90.26 TASK [nginx_conf : nginx.j2 template transfer example] ************************* changed: [10.0.90.26] changed: [10.0.90.25] PLAY [Nginx WebServer's Config Dynamic Create] ********************************* TASK [nginx_conf : include] **************************************************** included: /etc/ansible/roles/nginx_conf/tasks/file.yml for 10.0.90.27 TASK [nginx_conf : nginx.j2 template transfer example] ************************* changed: [10.0.90.27] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 10.0.90.25 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 10.0.90.26 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 10.0.90.27 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
6、查看检测执行结果
到Nginx Proxy 服务器查看配置文件
#cat nginx.conf.template
upstream suspicious
#server 127.0.0.1:1234;
server 10.0.90.26:1234;
}
upstream suspicious-api
#server 127.0.0.1:4567;
server 10.0.90.26:4567;
}
server {
listen 80;
servername www.testnginx.com;
access_log off;
error_log /etc/nginx/nginx_error.log;
rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.testnginx.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/ifa.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/ifa.key;
root /data/html/;
index index.html index.html;
auth_basic "Restricted";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/suspicious.htpasswd;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto http;
proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass http://suspicious;
break;
}
location /api {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto http;
proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass http://suspicious-api;
break;
}
location / {
try_files $url $url/ =404;
}
}到Nginx Web 服务器上查看配置文件
#cat nginx.conf.template
server {
listen 80;
servername www.testnginx.com;
access_log off;
error_log /etc/nginx/nginx_error.log;
rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.testnginx.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/ifa.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/ifa.crt;
root /data/html/;
index index.html index.html;
}到这里，就结束了。用同样的模板通过简单的if和变量设置就可以完成不同类型主机的Nginx conf配置，所以一方面在了解Ansible强大的模板功能的同时，也需要看到模板质量的重要性。
